Creating CRUD Operations in CodeIgniter 4
Introduction to CRUD in CodeIgniter 4
CRUD (Create, Read, Update, Delete) operations are fundamental in web development, allowing applications to interact with databases efficiently. CodeIgniter 4, a powerful PHP framework, simplifies CRUD implementation with its built-in features and MVC architecture. This guide provides a step-by-step approach to building a CRUD application in CodeIgniter 4, including role-based access control.
Setting Up CodeIgniter 4
Before implementing CRUD, ensure CodeIgniter 4 is installed. Download it from the official website or use Composer:
```bash composer create-project codeigniter4/appstarter project-name ```
Navigate to the project directory and start the development server:
```bash php spark serve ```
Database Configuration
Configure the database in `app/Config/Database.php`. Set the hostname, username, password, and database name:
```php public $default = [ 'DSN' => '', 'hostname' => 'localhost', 'username' => 'root', 'password' => '', 'database' => 'codeigniter_crud', 'DBDriver' => 'MySQLi', 'DBPrefix' => '', 'pConnect' => false, 'DBDebug' => true, // Other configurations... ]; ```
Create a table for the CRUD operations. For example, a `users` table:
```sql CREATE TABLE users ( id INT AUTO_INCREMENT PRIMARY KEY, name VARCHAR(100), email VARCHAR(100), role VARCHAR(50) ); ```
Creating a Model
Models in CodeIgniter 4 handle database interactions. Create a `UserModel.php` in `app/Models`:
```php
class UserModel extends Model { protected $table = 'users'; protected $primaryKey = 'id'; protected $allowedFields = ['name', 'email', 'role']; } ```
Building the Controller
Controllers manage application logic. Create `UserController.php` in `app/Controllers`:
```php
class UserController extends BaseController { public function index() { $model = new UserModel(); $data['users'] = $model->findAll(); return view('users/list', $data); }
public function create() { return view('users/create'); }
public function store() { $model = new UserModel(); $data = [ 'name' => $this->request->getPost('name'), 'email' => $this->request->getPost('email'), 'role' => $this->request->getPost('role') ]; $model->insert($data); return redirect()->to('/users'); }
public function edit($id) { $model = new UserModel(); $data['user'] = $model->find($id); return view('users/edit', $data); }
public function update($id) { $model = new UserModel(); $data = [ 'name' => $this->request->getPost('name'), 'email' => $this->request->getPost('email'), 'role' => $this->request->getPost('role') ]; $model->update($id, $data); return redirect()->to('/users'); }
public function delete($id) { $model = new UserModel(); $model->delete($id); return redirect()->to('/users'); } } ```
Designing Views
Views display data to users. Create the following files in `app/Views/users`:
List Users (`list.php`)
```php
Users
Add New User
Edit User
Implementing Role-Based Access Control
To restrict access, modify the controller to check user roles. For example:
```php public function index() { if (session()->get('role') != 'admin') { return redirect()->to('/login'); } $model = new UserModel(); $data['users'] = $model->findAll(); return view('users/list', $data); } ```
Routing
Define routes in `app/Config/Routes.php`:
```php $routes->get('/users', 'UserController::index'); $routes->get('/users/create', 'UserController::create'); $routes->post('/users/store', 'UserController::store'); $routes->get('/users/edit/(:num)', 'UserController::edit/$1'); $routes->post('/users/update/(:num)', 'UserController::update/$1'); $routes->get('/users/delete/(:num)', 'UserController::delete/$1'); ```
Conclusion
This guide demonstrated how to implement CRUD operations in CodeIgniter 4, including role-based access control. By following these steps, developers can efficiently manage database interactions while ensuring secure and structured application development. The flexibility of CodeIgniter 4 makes it an excellent choice for building scalable web applications
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